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   <titleStmt><title>The Plague in the Bishop of Rochester’s Household</title><author>William Dene (attributed), History of the Church of Rochester, printed in Henry Wharton’s Anglia Sacra (1691)</author><editor>Hearth Interactive</editor></titleStmt>
   <publicationStmt><publisher>Hearth Library</publisher><ptr target="https://library.hearthinteractive.com/sources/oial-p09"/></publicationStmt>
   <sourceDesc><bibl>Henry Wharton, ed., Anglia Sacra, sive Collectio historiarum … de archiepiscopis &amp; episcopis Angliae, pars prima (London: Richard Chiswell, 1691), “Willelmi de Dene Historia Roffensis,” pp. 375–377. Digital text: Text Creation Partnership, EEBO-TCP Phase I, A65588 (Wing W1560; CC0), keyed from microfilm images, extracted by code from the TCP XML (github.com/textcreationpartnership/A65588). Every unit read against page images of a Google-digitized copy, Internet Archive item AngliaSacra (Public Domain Mark), leaves 440–442; the TCP text’s one-letter gaps in units 5 and 11 resolved from the images. The TCP text prints æ and œ as ae and oe and long s as s; the printed accents are kept. Wharton’s bracketed year conversions, marginal note and footnote are not copied. Authors’ text only.</bibl></sourceDesc>
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  <profileDesc><langUsage><language ident="la">Latin</language></langUsage></profileDesc>
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  <listPerson><person xml:id="x-person_edward-iii"><persName>Edward III</persName><note>King of England from 1327 to 1377.</note></person><person xml:id="x-person_john-de-stratford"><persName>John de Stratford</persName><note>Archbishop of Canterbury from 1333 and a chief adviser to Edward III.</note></person><person xml:id="x-person_hamo-de-hethe"><persName>Hamo de Hethe</persName><note>Bishop of Rochester from 1319 to 1352.</note></person><person xml:id="x-person_clement-vi"><persName>Pope Clement VI</persName><note>Pope from 1342 to 1352, living at Avignon.</note></person><person xml:id="x-person_john-de-offord"><persName>John de Offord</persName><note>Chancellor of England, chosen Archbishop of Canterbury in 1348; he died in 1349 before he could be consecrated.</note></person><person xml:id="x-person_thomas-bradwardine"><persName>Thomas Bradwardine</persName><note>Scholar and theologian who became Archbishop of Canterbury in 1349 and died weeks later, probably of the plague.</note></person></listPerson>
  <listPlace><place xml:id="x-place_canterbury"><placeName>Canterbury</placeName><location><geo>51.2802 1.0789</geo></location></place><place xml:id="x-place_mayfield"><placeName>Mayfield</placeName><location><geo>51.0213 0.2598</geo></location></place><place xml:id="x-place_halling"><placeName>Halling</placeName><location><geo>51.352 0.446</geo></location></place><place xml:id="x-place_trottiscliffe"><placeName>Trottiscliffe</placeName><location><geo>51.315 0.355</geo></location></place><place xml:id="x-place_england"><placeName>England</placeName><location><geo>52.5 -1.5</geo></location></place><place xml:id="x-place_west-malling"><placeName>Malling</placeName><location><geo>51.293 0.409</geo></location></place><place xml:id="x-place_rochester"><placeName>Rochester</placeName><location><geo>51.3887 0.5067</geo></location></place><place xml:id="x-place_london"><placeName>London</placeName><location><geo>51.5074 -0.1278</geo></location></place><place xml:id="x-place_lesnes-abbey"><placeName>Lesnes Abbey</placeName><location><geo>51.4895 0.1269</geo></location></place></listPlace>
  <list type="ideas-and-dates"><item xml:id="x-date_edward-iii-23">23rd year of Edward III <note>Edward III's regnal year from January 25, 1349, to January 24, 1350.</note></item><item xml:id="x-idea_epidemic">epidemic, plague, pestilence <note>The words the writers themselves used for an epidemic: Greek *loimos* and *nosos*, Latin *pestis*, *pestilentia* and *mortalitas*, Chinese 疫 *yi*, Japanese 疫瘡 &quot;epidemic sores&quot;.</note></item><item xml:id="x-date_1349">1349 <note>The year the Black Death swept across England.</note></item><item xml:id="x-idea_burial">burial and the dead <note>How the dead were buried, or could not be, during an epidemic.</note></item><item xml:id="x-date_edward-iii-24">24th year of Edward III <note>Edward III's regnal year from January 25, 1350, to January 24, 1351.</note></item><item xml:id="x-idea_rich-and-poor">rich and poor <note>Whether the epidemic struck rich and poor alike.</note></item></list>
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   <ab xml:id="x-1" n="1"><seg xml:id="x-1-p0"><date ref="#x-date_edward-iii-23">Anno xxiii. regni</date> <persName ref="#x-person_edward-iii">Regis Edwardi III.</persName></seg> <seg xml:id="x-1-p1">obiit <persName ref="#x-person_john-de-stratford">Johannes de Stratford</persName> Archiepiscopus <placeName ref="#x-place_canterbury">Cant.</placeName></seg> <seg xml:id="x-1-p2">apud <placeName ref="#x-place_mayfield">Maghfeld</placeName></seg>, <seg xml:id="x-1-p3">dux Regis &amp; ejus Consiliarius principalis</seg> <seg xml:id="x-1-p4">in vitâ suâ</seg>; <seg xml:id="x-1-p5">&amp; ideo post mortem ipsius</seg> <seg xml:id="x-1-p6">pro mercede suâ</seg> <seg xml:id="x-1-p7">omnia ejus bona confiscantur</seg>, <seg xml:id="x-1-p8">possessiones &amp; praedia destruuntur</seg>.</ab>
   <ab xml:id="x-2" n="2"><seg xml:id="x-2-p0">Toto hoc tempore</seg> <seg xml:id="x-2-p1"><persName ref="#x-person_hamo-de-hethe">Episcopus Roffensis</persName> moram fecit apud <placeName ref="#x-place_halling">Hallynges</placeName> &amp; <placeName ref="#x-place_trottiscliffe">Trottisclive</placeName></seg>, <seg xml:id="x-2-p2">sollicitus de mirabilibus mundi</seg>; <seg xml:id="x-2-p3">&amp; Ordines celebravit</seg> <seg xml:id="x-2-p4">in utroque loco</seg> <seg xml:id="x-2-p5">certis interstitiis temporum</seg>.</ab>
   <ab xml:id="x-3" n="3"><seg xml:id="x-3-p0">Eodem anno</seg> <seg xml:id="x-3-p1"><term ref="#x-idea_epidemic">pestis</term> antea inaudita</seg> <seg xml:id="x-3-p2">in <placeName ref="#x-place_england">Angliâ</placeName> desaeviebat</seg>.</ab>
   <ab xml:id="x-4" n="4"><seg xml:id="x-4-p0"><persName ref="#x-person_hamo-de-hethe">Episcopus Roffensis</persName> de modicâ familiâ suâ</seg> <seg xml:id="x-4-p1">iv. Sacerdotes, v. Scutiferos, x. homines de ministerio</seg>, <seg xml:id="x-4-p2">vii. Clericos juvenes, &amp; vi. pagetos</seg> <seg xml:id="x-4-p3">perdidit</seg>; <seg xml:id="x-4-p4">&amp; sic non remansit in aliquo officio</seg> <seg xml:id="x-4-p5">qui sibi serviret</seg>.</ab>
   <ab xml:id="x-5" n="5"><seg xml:id="x-5-p0">Apud <placeName ref="#x-place_west-malling">Mallinges</placeName></seg> <seg xml:id="x-5-p1">fecit duas Abbatissas</seg>; <seg xml:id="x-5-p2">&amp; mox obierunt</seg>. <seg xml:id="x-5-p3">Nec remanserunt ibidem</seg> <seg xml:id="x-5-p4">nisi iv. Professae</seg> <seg xml:id="x-5-p5">&amp; quatuor non professae Moniales</seg>; <seg xml:id="x-5-p6">de quibus Episcopus uni spiritualia</seg> <seg xml:id="x-5-p7">alteri temporalia custodienda commisit</seg>, <seg xml:id="x-5-p8">quia non inveniebatur sufficiens persona ad officium Abbatissae</seg>.</ab>
   <ab xml:id="x-6" n="6"><seg xml:id="x-6-p0">In hac <term ref="#x-idea_epidemic">pestilentiâ</term></seg> <seg xml:id="x-6-p1">plures Capellani &amp; stipendiarii Curati</seg> <seg xml:id="x-6-p2">noluerunt sine excessivo salario deservire</seg>. <seg xml:id="x-6-p3">Hos</seg> <seg xml:id="x-6-p4"><persName ref="#x-person_hamo-de-hethe">Episcopus Roffensis</persName> dato ad Archidiaconum <placeName ref="#x-place_rochester">Roff.</placeName> mandato</seg> <seg xml:id="x-6-p5"><date ref="#x-date_1349">anno MCCCXLIX.</date> die xxvii. Junii</seg>, <seg xml:id="x-6-p6">sub poenâ suspensionis &amp; interdicti</seg> <seg xml:id="x-6-p7">jussit eisdem stipendiis deservire</seg>.</ab>
   <ab xml:id="x-7" n="7"><seg xml:id="x-7-p0">Plures etiam Clerici beneficiati</seg>, <seg xml:id="x-7-p1">numero Parochianorum per <term ref="#x-idea_epidemic">pestem</term> adeò diminuto</seg>, <seg xml:id="x-7-p2">ut de reliquis oblationibus vivere non possent</seg>, <seg xml:id="x-7-p3">beneficia sua deserverunt</seg>. <seg xml:id="x-7-p4">Hos Episcopus mandavit Parochias suas repetere</seg>; <seg xml:id="x-7-p5">&amp; Rectoribus seu Vicariis Beneficiorum exilium</seg>, <seg xml:id="x-7-p6">quorum proventus annui ad verum valorem x. marcarum se non extendunt</seg>, <seg xml:id="x-7-p7">licentiam dedit</seg> <seg xml:id="x-7-p8">annuatim unum Annuale</seg> <seg xml:id="x-7-p9">vel alium Missarum numerum</seg>, <seg xml:id="x-7-p10">pro quibus aequalia debeantur stipendia</seg>, <seg xml:id="x-7-p11">à suis Parochianis vel alienis undequaque recipere</seg>, <seg xml:id="x-7-p12">hujusmodi exilitate proventuum durante</seg>.</ab>
   <ab xml:id="x-8" n="8"><seg xml:id="x-8-p0">Post mortem Archiepiscopi</seg> <seg xml:id="x-8-p1"><persName ref="#x-person_clement-vi">Papa</persName> ad preces <persName ref="#x-person_edward-iii">Domini Regis</persName></seg> <seg xml:id="x-8-p2">M. <persName ref="#x-person_john-de-offord">Johanni de Offord</persName> ejus Cancellario Archiepiscopatum dedit</seg>, <seg xml:id="x-8-p3">viro debili &amp; paralitico</seg>; <seg xml:id="x-8-p4">qui pecuniam magnam undique mutuans ad magnam summam</seg>, <seg xml:id="x-8-p5">inutiliter Papam eam exeniavit &amp; presentavit</seg>, <seg xml:id="x-8-p6">&amp; totam perdidit</seg>; <seg xml:id="x-8-p7">quia non multùm pòst vixit</seg>, <seg xml:id="x-8-p8">sed die Ascensionis Domini obiit</seg>, <seg xml:id="x-8-p9">&amp; in Ecclesiâ <placeName ref="#x-place_canterbury">Cant.</placeName> est <term ref="#x-idea_burial">occultè sepultus</term></seg>, <seg xml:id="x-8-p10">electus non consecratus</seg>; <seg xml:id="x-8-p11">&amp; sic multos creditores depauperando destruxit</seg>.</ab>
   <ab xml:id="x-10" n="10"><seg xml:id="x-10-p0">Per idem tempus</seg> <seg xml:id="x-10-p1">Capitulum <placeName ref="#x-place_canterbury">Cant.</placeName></seg> <seg xml:id="x-10-p2">M. <persName ref="#x-person_thomas-bradwardine">Thomam Bradewardyn</persName> de Condennâ</seg> <seg xml:id="x-10-p3"><placeName ref="#x-place_rochester">Roffensis Dioceseos</placeName> oriundum</seg>, <seg xml:id="x-10-p4">quem mox post mortem Archiepiscopi elegerant</seg>, <seg xml:id="x-10-p5">secundò nunc elegerunt</seg>; <seg xml:id="x-10-p6">&amp; priusquam electio ad <persName ref="#x-person_clement-vi">Papa</persName>m pervenit</seg>, <seg xml:id="x-10-p7">Papa M. Thomae more solito dedit Archiepiscopatum Cant.</seg> <seg xml:id="x-10-p8">malens grates habere ipsemet quàm eligentes</seg>. <seg xml:id="x-10-p9">Sed post collationem suam</seg> <seg xml:id="x-10-p10">Dominus Rex</seg> <seg xml:id="x-10-p11">pro Electo scripsit</seg>, <seg xml:id="x-10-p12">qui aliàs eum impedivit</seg>.</ab>
   <ab xml:id="x-12" n="12"><seg xml:id="x-12-p0">Igitur <persName ref="#x-person_thomas-bradwardine">M. Thoma</persName> de Curiâ Romanâ revertente consecrato</seg>, <seg xml:id="x-12-p1">versùs <placeName ref="#x-place_london">Londoniam</placeName> festinavit</seg>, <seg xml:id="x-12-p2">&amp; in Hospitio Episcopi Roffensis apud La Place</seg> <seg xml:id="x-12-p3">per quatuor dies infirmus pausans</seg> <seg xml:id="x-12-p4">obiit</seg>.</ab>
   <ab xml:id="x-14" n="14"><seg xml:id="x-14-p0"><date ref="#x-date_edward-iii-24">Anno xxiv. regni</date> <persName ref="#x-person_edward-iii">Regis Edwardi III.</persName></seg> <seg xml:id="x-14-p1">per totum illum annum</seg> <seg xml:id="x-14-p2">Episcopus Roffensis senex &amp; decrepitus</seg> <seg xml:id="x-14-p3">apud <placeName ref="#x-place_trottiscliffe">Trottisclyve</placeName> morabatur</seg>, <seg xml:id="x-14-p4">languens &amp; dolens</seg> <seg xml:id="x-14-p5">de subitâ mutatione saeculi</seg>; <seg xml:id="x-14-p6">quia in omnibus Maneriis Episcopatûs</seg> <seg xml:id="x-14-p7">aedificia &amp; clausurae corruebant</seg>, <seg xml:id="x-14-p8">&amp; vix Maneria illo anno de centum libris respondebant</seg>.</ab>
   <ab xml:id="x-15" n="15"><seg xml:id="x-15-p0">Praeterea</seg> <seg xml:id="x-15-p1">in <placeName ref="#x-place_rochester">Monasterio Roffensi</placeName> tanta fuit victualium inopia</seg>, <seg xml:id="x-15-p2">quòd Monachi ad triturandum panem suum sunt coacti</seg>. <seg xml:id="x-15-p3">Prior tamen</seg> <seg xml:id="x-15-p4">omnibus bonis abundabat</seg>.</ab>
   <ab xml:id="x-17" n="17"><seg xml:id="x-17-p0">Episcopus Roffensis Abbatias &amp; Monasteria de <placeName ref="#x-place_lesnes-abbey">Liesnes</placeName> &amp; <placeName ref="#x-place_west-malling">Mallyng</placeName> visitans</seg>, <seg xml:id="x-17-p1">invenit ea ita destructa</seg> <seg xml:id="x-17-p2">per malam diutinam custodiam</seg>; <seg xml:id="x-17-p3">quòd durante isto saeculo usque ad diem judicii</seg> <seg xml:id="x-17-p4">creditur ea non posse reparari</seg>.</ab>
  </div>
  <div type="translation" xml:lang="en">
   <ab n="1" corresp="#x-1"><seg xml:id="x-1-en0">In the twenty-third year of the reign of King Edward III,</seg> <seg xml:id="x-1-en1">John de Stratford, Archbishop of Canterbury, died</seg> <seg xml:id="x-1-en2">at Maghfeld.</seg> <seg xml:id="x-1-en4">In his lifetime</seg> he had been <seg xml:id="x-1-en3">the king's guide and his chief counselor.</seg> <seg xml:id="x-1-en5">And so, after his death,</seg> <seg xml:id="x-1-en6">this was his reward:</seg> <seg xml:id="x-1-en7">all his goods were seized,</seg> <seg xml:id="x-1-en8">and his property and estates were laid waste.</seg></ab>
   <ab n="2" corresp="#x-2"><seg xml:id="x-2-en0">All this time</seg> <seg xml:id="x-2-en1">the Bishop of Rochester stayed at Hallynges and Trottisclive,</seg> <seg xml:id="x-2-en2">anxious about the strange things happening in the world.</seg> <seg xml:id="x-2-en4">In both places</seg> <seg xml:id="x-2-en3">he held ordinations</seg> [of clergy] <seg xml:id="x-2-en5">at the appointed seasons.</seg></ab>
   <ab n="3" corresp="#x-3"><seg xml:id="x-3-en0">That same year</seg> <seg xml:id="x-3-en1">a plague never heard of before</seg> <seg xml:id="x-3-en2">raged through England.</seg></ab>
   <ab n="4" corresp="#x-4"><seg xml:id="x-4-en0">From his small household the Bishop of Rochester</seg> <seg xml:id="x-4-en3">lost</seg> <seg xml:id="x-4-en1">four priests, five squires, ten servants,</seg> <seg xml:id="x-4-en2">seven young clerks, and six pages.</seg> <seg xml:id="x-4-en4">So there was no one left in any post</seg> <seg xml:id="x-4-en5">to serve him.</seg></ab>
   <ab n="5" corresp="#x-5"><seg xml:id="x-5-en0">At Mallinges</seg> <seg xml:id="x-5-en1">he installed two abbesses,</seg> <seg xml:id="x-5-en2">and both soon died.</seg> <seg xml:id="x-5-en4">Only four professed nuns</seg> <seg xml:id="x-5-en5">and four who had not yet taken their vows</seg> <seg xml:id="x-5-en3">were left there.</seg> <seg xml:id="x-5-en6">The bishop put one of them in charge of spiritual matters</seg> <seg xml:id="x-5-en7">and another in charge of property,</seg> <seg xml:id="x-5-en8">because no one fit to be abbess could be found.</seg></ab>
   <ab n="6" corresp="#x-6"><seg xml:id="x-6-en0">During this pestilence</seg> <seg xml:id="x-6-en1">many chaplains and hired parish priests</seg> <seg xml:id="x-6-en2">refused to serve unless they were paid far too much.</seg> <seg xml:id="x-6-en5">On June 27, 1349,</seg> <seg xml:id="x-6-en4">the Bishop of Rochester sent an order to the Archdeacon of Rochester.</seg> It commanded <seg xml:id="x-6-en3">these priests</seg> <seg xml:id="x-6-en7">to serve for the same pay as before,</seg> <seg xml:id="x-6-en6">on pain of suspension and interdict.</seg></ab>
   <ab n="7" corresp="#x-7"><seg xml:id="x-7-en0">Many clergy who held parishes also</seg> <seg xml:id="x-7-en3">abandoned them.</seg> <seg xml:id="x-7-en1">The plague had cut the number of parishioners so far</seg> <seg xml:id="x-7-en2">that the priests could not live on the offerings of those who were left.</seg> <seg xml:id="x-7-en4">The bishop ordered them back to their parishes.</seg> <seg xml:id="x-7-en6">Some parishes were so poor that their yearly income was truly worth less than ten marks.</seg> <seg xml:id="x-7-en5">To their rectors and vicars</seg> <seg xml:id="x-7-en7">he gave permission</seg> to take on <seg xml:id="x-7-en8">one annual</seg> each year, <seg xml:id="x-7-en9">or some other set of Masses</seg> <seg xml:id="x-7-en10">paid at the same rate.</seg> <seg xml:id="x-7-en11">They could accept these from their own parishioners or from anyone else,</seg> <seg xml:id="x-7-en12">for as long as their income stayed so small.</seg></ab>
   <ab n="8" corresp="#x-8"><seg xml:id="x-8-en0">After the archbishop's death,</seg> <seg xml:id="x-8-en1">the pope, at the king's request,</seg> <seg xml:id="x-8-en2">gave the archbishopric to Master John de Offord, the king's chancellor,</seg> <seg xml:id="x-8-en3">a weak and paralyzed man.</seg> <seg xml:id="x-8-en4">He borrowed large sums of money from everyone</seg> <seg xml:id="x-8-en5">and spent it uselessly on gifts and payments to the pope,</seg> <seg xml:id="x-8-en6">and lost it all.</seg> <seg xml:id="x-8-en7">For he did not live long afterward.</seg> <seg xml:id="x-8-en8">He died on Ascension Day</seg> <seg xml:id="x-8-en9">and was buried secretly in Canterbury Cathedral,</seg> <seg xml:id="x-8-en10">elected but never consecrated.</seg> <seg xml:id="x-8-en11">And so he ruined many creditors and left them poor.</seg></ab>
   <ab n="10" corresp="#x-10"><seg xml:id="x-10-en0">Around the same time</seg> <seg xml:id="x-10-en1">the monks of Canterbury Cathedral</seg> elected <seg xml:id="x-10-en2">Master Thomas Bradewardyn of Condenna,</seg> <seg xml:id="x-10-en3">a native of the diocese of Rochester,</seg> <seg xml:id="x-10-en5">for the second time.</seg> <seg xml:id="x-10-en4">They had first elected him soon after the archbishop's death.</seg> <seg xml:id="x-10-en6">Before the election even reached the pope,</seg> <seg xml:id="x-10-en7">the pope gave Master Thomas the archbishopric himself, as usual.</seg> <seg xml:id="x-10-en8">He preferred to have the thanks rather than let the electors have it.</seg> <seg xml:id="x-10-en9">After the pope's grant,</seg> <seg xml:id="x-10-en10">the king,</seg> <seg xml:id="x-10-en12">who had blocked him before,</seg> <seg xml:id="x-10-en11">wrote in support of the man elected.</seg></ab>
   <ab n="12" corresp="#x-12"><seg xml:id="x-12-en0">So Master Thomas came back from the papal court, already consecrated,</seg> <seg xml:id="x-12-en1">and hurried toward London.</seg> <seg xml:id="x-12-en2">At La Place, the Bishop of Rochester's house,</seg> <seg xml:id="x-12-en3">he lay ill for four days</seg> <seg xml:id="x-12-en4">and died.</seg></ab>
   <ab n="14" corresp="#x-14"><seg xml:id="x-14-en0">In the twenty-fourth year of King Edward III's reign,</seg> <seg xml:id="x-14-en2">the Bishop of Rochester, old and frail,</seg> <seg xml:id="x-14-en3">stayed at Trottisclyve</seg> <seg xml:id="x-14-en1">all year.</seg> <seg xml:id="x-14-en4">He was weak and grieving</seg> <seg xml:id="x-14-en5">over how suddenly the world had changed.</seg> <seg xml:id="x-14-en6">On every manor of the bishopric</seg> <seg xml:id="x-14-en7">the buildings and fences were falling down,</seg> <seg xml:id="x-14-en8">and that year the manors barely brought in a hundred pounds.</seg></ab>
   <ab n="15" corresp="#x-15"><seg xml:id="x-15-en0">Besides this,</seg> <seg xml:id="x-15-en1">food was so short in the monastery at Rochester</seg> <seg xml:id="x-15-en2">that the monks were forced to thresh the grain for their own bread.</seg> <seg xml:id="x-15-en3">The prior,</seg> however, <seg xml:id="x-15-en4">had plenty of everything.</seg></ab>
   <ab n="17" corresp="#x-17"><seg xml:id="x-17-en0">The Bishop of Rochester visited the abbeys of Liesnes and Mallyng.</seg> <seg xml:id="x-17-en1">He found them so ruined</seg> <seg xml:id="x-17-en2">by years of bad management</seg> <seg xml:id="x-17-en4">that people believed they could not be restored</seg> <seg xml:id="x-17-en3">in this world, not before Judgment Day.</seg></ab>
  </div>

  <div type="translation-gasquet" xml:lang="en">
   <ab n="2" corresp="#x-2">The whole of this time … the Bishop of Rochester remained at Halling and Trotterscliff, and he conferred orders in both places at certain intervals.</ab>
   <ab n="3" corresp="#x-3">A plague such as never before had been heard of … ravaged England in this year.</ab>
   <ab n="4" corresp="#x-4">The Bishop of Rochester out of his small household lost four priests, five gentlemen, ten serving men, seven young clerks, and six pages, so that not a soul remained who might serve him in any office.</ab>
   <ab n="5" corresp="#x-5">At Malling (a Benedictine nunnery) he blessed two abbesses, and both quickly died, and there were left there only four professed nuns and four novices. To one of these the Bishop committed the charge of the temporals, to another that of the spirituals, because no proper person for abbess could be found.</ab>
   <ab n="6" corresp="#x-6">In this pestilence many chaplains and paid clerics refused to serve, except at excessive salaries. The Bishop of Rochester, by a mandate addressed to the archdeacon of Rochester, on the 27th of June, 1349, orders all these, on pain of suspension, to serve such cures;</ab>
   <ab n="14" corresp="#x-14">Throughout the whole of that winter and spring the Bishop of Rochester, an old and decrepid man, remained at Trotterscliff, saddened and grieving over the sudden change of the age. And in every manor of the Bishopric buildings and walls fell to ruins, and that year there was hardly a manor which returned a hundred pounds.</ab>
   <ab n="15" corresp="#x-15">In the monastery of Rochester, also, there was such a scarcity of provisions that the community were troubled with great want of food; so much so that the monks were obliged to grind their own bread.</ab>
  </div>
  <linkGrp type="alignment">
   <link target="#x-1-p0 #x-1-en0" ana="In the twenty-third year of the reign of King Edward III,"/>
   <link target="#x-1-p1 #x-1-en1" ana="John de Stratford, Archbishop of Canterbury, died"/>
   <link target="#x-1-p2 #x-1-en2" ana="at Maghfeld."/>
   <link target="#x-1-p3 #x-1-en3" ana="the king's guide and his chief counselor."/>
   <link target="#x-1-p4 #x-1-en4" ana="In his lifetime"/>
   <link target="#x-1-p5 #x-1-en5" ana="And so, after his death,"/>
   <link target="#x-1-p6 #x-1-en6" ana="this was his reward:"/>
   <link target="#x-1-p7 #x-1-en7" ana="all his goods were seized,"/>
   <link target="#x-1-p8 #x-1-en8" ana="and his property and estates were laid waste."/>
   <link target="#x-2-p0 #x-2-en0" ana="All this time"/>
   <link target="#x-2-p1 #x-2-en1" ana="the Bishop of Rochester stayed at Hallynges and Trottisclive,"/>
   <link target="#x-2-p2 #x-2-en2" ana="anxious about the strange things happening in the world."/>
   <link target="#x-2-p3 #x-2-en3" ana="he held ordinations"/>
   <link target="#x-2-p4 #x-2-en4" ana="In both places"/>
   <link target="#x-2-p5 #x-2-en5" ana="at the appointed seasons."/>
   <link target="#x-3-p0 #x-3-en0" ana="That same year"/>
   <link target="#x-3-p1 #x-3-en1" ana="a plague never heard of before"/>
   <link target="#x-3-p2 #x-3-en2" ana="raged through England."/>
   <link target="#x-4-p0 #x-4-en0" ana="From his small household the Bishop of Rochester"/>
   <link target="#x-4-p1 #x-4-en1" ana="four priests, five squires, ten servants,"/>
   <link target="#x-4-p2 #x-4-en2" ana="seven young clerks, and six pages."/>
   <link target="#x-4-p3 #x-4-en3" ana="lost"/>
   <link target="#x-4-p4 #x-4-en4" ana="So there was no one left in any post"/>
   <link target="#x-4-p5 #x-4-en5" ana="to serve him."/>
   <link target="#x-5-p0 #x-5-en0" ana="At Mallinges"/>
   <link target="#x-5-p1 #x-5-en1" ana="he installed two abbesses,"/>
   <link target="#x-5-p2 #x-5-en2" ana="and both soon died."/>
   <link target="#x-5-p3 #x-5-en3" ana="were left there."/>
   <link target="#x-5-p4 #x-5-en4" ana="Only four professed nuns"/>
   <link target="#x-5-p5 #x-5-en5" ana="and four who had not yet taken their vows"/>
   <link target="#x-5-p6 #x-5-en6" ana="The bishop put one of them in charge of spiritual matters"/>
   <link target="#x-5-p7 #x-5-en7" ana="and another in charge of property,"/>
   <link target="#x-5-p8 #x-5-en8" ana="because no one fit to be abbess could be found."/>
   <link target="#x-6-p0 #x-6-en0" ana="During this pestilence"/>
   <link target="#x-6-p1 #x-6-en1" ana="many chaplains and hired parish priests"/>
   <link target="#x-6-p2 #x-6-en2" ana="refused to serve unless they were paid far too much."/>
   <link target="#x-6-p3 #x-6-en3" ana="these priests"/>
   <link target="#x-6-p4 #x-6-en4" ana="the Bishop of Rochester sent an order to the Archdeacon of Rochester."/>
   <link target="#x-6-p5 #x-6-en5" ana="On June 27, 1349,"/>
   <link target="#x-6-p6 #x-6-en6" ana="on pain of suspension and interdict."/>
   <link target="#x-6-p7 #x-6-en7" ana="to serve for the same pay as before,"/>
   <link target="#x-7-p0 #x-7-en0" ana="Many clergy who held parishes also"/>
   <link target="#x-7-p1 #x-7-en1" ana="The plague had cut the number of parishioners so far"/>
   <link target="#x-7-p2 #x-7-en2" ana="that the priests could not live on the offerings of those who were left."/>
   <link target="#x-7-p3 #x-7-en3" ana="abandoned them."/>
   <link target="#x-7-p4 #x-7-en4" ana="The bishop ordered them back to their parishes."/>
   <link target="#x-7-p5 #x-7-en5" ana="To their rectors and vicars"/>
   <link target="#x-7-p6 #x-7-en6" ana="Some parishes were so poor that their yearly income was truly worth less than ten marks."/>
   <link target="#x-7-p7 #x-7-en7" ana="he gave permission"/>
   <link target="#x-7-p8 #x-7-en8" ana="one annual"/>
   <link target="#x-7-p9 #x-7-en9" ana="or some other set of Masses"/>
   <link target="#x-7-p10 #x-7-en10" ana="paid at the same rate."/>
   <link target="#x-7-p11 #x-7-en11" ana="They could accept these from their own parishioners or from anyone else,"/>
   <link target="#x-7-p12 #x-7-en12" ana="for as long as their income stayed so small."/>
   <link target="#x-8-p0 #x-8-en0" ana="After the archbishop's death,"/>
   <link target="#x-8-p1 #x-8-en1" ana="the pope, at the king's request,"/>
   <link target="#x-8-p2 #x-8-en2" ana="gave the archbishopric to Master John de Offord, the king's chancellor,"/>
   <link target="#x-8-p3 #x-8-en3" ana="a weak and paralyzed man."/>
   <link target="#x-8-p4 #x-8-en4" ana="He borrowed large sums of money from everyone"/>
   <link target="#x-8-p5 #x-8-en5" ana="and spent it uselessly on gifts and payments to the pope,"/>
   <link target="#x-8-p6 #x-8-en6" ana="and lost it all."/>
   <link target="#x-8-p7 #x-8-en7" ana="For he did not live long afterward."/>
   <link target="#x-8-p8 #x-8-en8" ana="He died on Ascension Day"/>
   <link target="#x-8-p9 #x-8-en9" ana="and was buried secretly in Canterbury Cathedral,"/>
   <link target="#x-8-p10 #x-8-en10" ana="elected but never consecrated."/>
   <link target="#x-8-p11 #x-8-en11" ana="And so he ruined many creditors and left them poor."/>
   <link target="#x-10-p0 #x-10-en0" ana="Around the same time"/>
   <link target="#x-10-p1 #x-10-en1" ana="the monks of Canterbury Cathedral"/>
   <link target="#x-10-p2 #x-10-en2" ana="Master Thomas Bradewardyn of Condenna,"/>
   <link target="#x-10-p3 #x-10-en3" ana="a native of the diocese of Rochester,"/>
   <link target="#x-10-p4 #x-10-en4" ana="They had first elected him soon after the archbishop's death."/>
   <link target="#x-10-p5 #x-10-en5" ana="for the second time."/>
   <link target="#x-10-p6 #x-10-en6" ana="Before the election even reached the pope,"/>
   <link target="#x-10-p7 #x-10-en7" ana="the pope gave Master Thomas the archbishopric himself, as usual."/>
   <link target="#x-10-p8 #x-10-en8" ana="He preferred to have the thanks rather than let the electors have it."/>
   <link target="#x-10-p9 #x-10-en9" ana="After the pope's grant,"/>
   <link target="#x-10-p10 #x-10-en10" ana="the king,"/>
   <link target="#x-10-p11 #x-10-en11" ana="wrote in support of the man elected."/>
   <link target="#x-10-p12 #x-10-en12" ana="who had blocked him before,"/>
   <link target="#x-12-p0 #x-12-en0" ana="So Master Thomas came back from the papal court, already consecrated,"/>
   <link target="#x-12-p1 #x-12-en1" ana="and hurried toward London."/>
   <link target="#x-12-p2 #x-12-en2" ana="At La Place, the Bishop of Rochester's house,"/>
   <link target="#x-12-p3 #x-12-en3" ana="he lay ill for four days"/>
   <link target="#x-12-p4 #x-12-en4" ana="and died."/>
   <link target="#x-14-p0 #x-14-en0" ana="In the twenty-fourth year of King Edward III's reign,"/>
   <link target="#x-14-p1 #x-14-en1" ana="all year."/>
   <link target="#x-14-p2 #x-14-en2" ana="the Bishop of Rochester, old and frail,"/>
   <link target="#x-14-p3 #x-14-en3" ana="stayed at Trottisclyve"/>
   <link target="#x-14-p4 #x-14-en4" ana="He was weak and grieving"/>
   <link target="#x-14-p5 #x-14-en5" ana="over how suddenly the world had changed."/>
   <link target="#x-14-p6 #x-14-en6" ana="On every manor of the bishopric"/>
   <link target="#x-14-p7 #x-14-en7" ana="the buildings and fences were falling down,"/>
   <link target="#x-14-p8 #x-14-en8" ana="and that year the manors barely brought in a hundred pounds."/>
   <link target="#x-15-p0 #x-15-en0" ana="Besides this,"/>
   <link target="#x-15-p1 #x-15-en1" ana="food was so short in the monastery at Rochester"/>
   <link target="#x-15-p2 #x-15-en2" ana="that the monks were forced to thresh the grain for their own bread."/>
   <link target="#x-15-p3 #x-15-en3" ana="The prior,"/>
   <link target="#x-15-p4 #x-15-en4" ana="had plenty of everything."/>
   <link target="#x-17-p0 #x-17-en0" ana="The Bishop of Rochester visited the abbeys of Liesnes and Mallyng."/>
   <link target="#x-17-p1 #x-17-en1" ana="He found them so ruined"/>
   <link target="#x-17-p2 #x-17-en2" ana="by years of bad management"/>
   <link target="#x-17-p3 #x-17-en3" ana="in this world, not before Judgment Day."/>
   <link target="#x-17-p4 #x-17-en4" ana="that people believed they could not be restored"/>
  </linkGrp>
  </body>
 </text>
</TEI>
